BLS, ACLS, & PALS

An unresponsive adult is found in a hallway. After confirming the scene is safe, what is the FIRST action a lone rescuer should take?

• ABegin chest compressions immediately
• BOpen the airway and check for breathing
• CTap and shout to check responsiveness, then activate the emergency response system
• DApply the AED pads before doing anything else

What is the recommended compression rate for adult CPR according to the 2020 AHA guidelines?

• A60-80 compressions per minute
• B80-100 compressions per minute
• C100-120 compressions per minute
• D120-140 compressions per minute

During adult CPR, a healthcare provider should compress the chest to a depth of:

• AAt least 1 inch (2.5 cm)
• BAt least 1.5 inches (4 cm)
• CAt least 2 inches (5 cm), but no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm)
• DAt least 3 inches (7.5 cm)

Which of the following BEST describes the concept of "full chest recoil" in CPR?

• ALeaning on the chest between compressions to maintain consistent depth
• BAllowing the chest to return to its normal resting position after each compression before…
• CCompressing the sternum downward by lifting the entire body off the chest between compres…
• DPressing the heel of the hand firmly against the sternum after each compression

A 2-rescuer BLS team is performing CPR on an adult with an advanced airway in place. What is the correct ventilation rate?

• A1 breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20 breaths/min)
• B1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths/min)
• C1 breath every 6-8 seconds (8-10 breaths/min)
• D1 breath every 2-3 seconds synchronized with compressions

During CPR on an adult without an advanced airway, what is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for 2 rescuers?

• A15:1
• B15:2
• C30:1
• D30:2

An AED is attached to a patient in cardiac arrest. The AED analyzes and advises "No Shock." What should the rescuer do NEXT?

• ADeliver a shock anyway since the rhythm may be shockable
• BImmediately resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions
• CCheck the patient's pulse for up to 10 seconds before continuing CPR
• DReposition the AED pads and re-analyze

When applying AED pads to a patient, where should the pads be placed?

• ABoth pads on the anterior chest, one over the heart and one on the right upper chest
• BOne pad on the right upper chest (below the clavicle) and one on the lower left chest (be…
• COne pad over the sternum and one on the patient's back
• DOne pad on the right lower rib cage and one on the left upper chest

How long should you check for a pulse in an unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally?

• AUp to 5 seconds
• BUp to 10 seconds
• CUp to 20 seconds
• DUntil the pulse is definitively confirmed or excluded

When performing CPR, the AHA recommends minimizing interruptions to chest compressions. What is the maximum recommended pause time for pulse checks or rhythm analysis?

• ALess than 5 seconds
• BLess than 10 seconds
• CLess than 15 seconds
• DLess than 20 seconds

A patient is found unresponsive but is breathing adequately with a pulse present. What action is MOST appropriate?

• ABegin CPR immediately
• BApply the AED and wait for it to analyze the rhythm
• CPlace the patient in the recovery position and monitor until EMS arrives
• DBegin rescue breathing at one breath every 3 seconds

A rescuer is performing rescue breathing on an adult with a pulse but no adequate breathing. What is the correct rate?

• A1 breath every 2-3 seconds (20-30 breaths/min)
• B1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths/min)
• C1 breath every 8-10 seconds (6-8 breaths/min)
• D2 breaths every 30 compressions

For an infant (under 1 year of age), what is the recommended technique for performing chest compressions when a single rescuer is present?

• AUse the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum
• BUse 2 fingers placed just below the nipple line on the lower half of the sternum
• CUse both thumbs pressing the upper sternum near the throat
• DUse the palm of one hand across the entire sternum

When 2 healthcare providers perform CPR on a child (1 year to puberty), what is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio?

• A30:2
• B15:2
• C15:1
• D20:2

An AED is used on a young child (under 8 years/25 kg) and pediatric dose-attenuating pads are NOT available. Which action is MOST appropriate?

• ADo not use the AED - it is contraindicated in children under 8
• BUse adult pads in anterolateral placement, ensuring pads do not touch each other
• CDeliver only 1 joule per kg by adjusting the AED settings
• DWait for manual defibrillation to arrive before using the AED

Which of the following is a sign of EFFECTIVE CPR?

• APatient's skin turns cyanotic during compressions
• BETCO2 value of 8 mmHg after 10 minutes of CPR
• CPalpable femoral pulse during chest compressions
• DAbsence of any movement or groaning during compressions