Key Takeaways
- Notaries must positively identify every signer
- Two methods: personal knowledge or satisfactory evidence (documents)
- Failure to properly identify signers is the #1 reason for complaints
- Identity must be established before any notarial act
- When in doubt, refuse to notarize
Last updated: January 2026
Satisfactory Evidence of Identity
Proper identification of signers is fundamental to the notary's role as a fraud deterrent. Colorado law requires notaries to establish identity before every notarial act.
Why Identity Verification Matters
| Issue | Consequence |
|---|---|
| Identity fraud | Document may be void |
| Improper verification | Notary liability |
| Complaints filed | More than 50% involve ID issues |
| Commission at risk | Can lead to revocation |
Two Methods of Identity Verification
1. Personal Knowledge
The notary personally knows the signer from prior dealings.
| Requirement | Description |
|---|---|
| Prior acquaintance | Notary has met signer before |
| Familiarity | Notary can identify signer by recognition |
| No documents needed | ID not required if personally known |
| Journal notation | Must note "personal knowledge" in journal |
2. Satisfactory Evidence (Documentary Identification)
The signer presents acceptable identification documents.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Primary ID | Government-issued photo ID |
| Credible witness | Sworn statement by known witness |
| Multiple documents | Combination of acceptable IDs |
Colorado's Satisfactory Evidence Standard
Under RULONA, satisfactory evidence means:
Evidence sufficient to the notary to identify the signer
The notary has discretion but must act reasonably.
Journal Requirements for Identification
When identity is based on satisfactory evidence, the journal must include:
| Required Entry | Description |
|---|---|
| Method of ID | Type of identification used |
| Type of credential | Specific ID presented |
| Personal knowledge | Statement if based on prior knowledge |
When to Refuse
| Situation | Action |
|---|---|
| Suspicious ID | Refuse notarization |
| ID appears altered | Refuse notarization |
| Photo doesn't match | Refuse notarization |
| Signer acts coerced | Refuse notarization |
| Any doubt about identity | Refuse notarization |
On the Exam
- #1 complaint reason: Improper identification
- Two methods: Personal knowledge OR satisfactory evidence
- Discretion: Notary determines if evidence is satisfactory
- Journal: Must record identification method
Test Your Knowledge
What is the primary reason for complaints filed against notaries?
A
B
C
D
Test Your Knowledge
If a notary personally knows the signer, what must be recorded in the journal?
A
B
C
D