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Key Facts: VA Water/Wastewater Operator Exam

6 Classes

Waterworks Operator Licenses

18VAC160-30-370

4 Classes

Wastewater Works Operator Licenses

18VAC160-30-360

100 + 10

Scored plus pre-test questions, Classes 1-4

PSI candidate bulletin

4 Hours

Exam Length, Classes 1-4

PSI candidate bulletin

1,760 Hrs

One year of experience (or 220 workdays)

18VAC160-30-100

18 CPE

Contact hours per cycle, Classes 1-3

18VAC160-30-190 (eff. 2026-01-16)

Sample VA Water/Wastewater Operator Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the VA Water/Wastewater Operator exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 202+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which Virginia agency administers waterworks and wastewater works operator licensing?
A.Virginia Department of Health
B.Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR)
C.Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
D.Virginia Water Authority
Explanation: The Virginia DPOR Board for Waterworks and Wastewater Works Operators and Onsite Sewage System Professionals administers operator licensing in Virginia. DPOR sets education, experience, and examination requirements.
2How many classification levels does Virginia have for waterworks operators?
A.Three classes
B.Four classes
C.Five classes
D.Six classes (Class 1–6)
Explanation: Virginia classifies waterworks operators into six classes. A Class 3 operator may operate Class 3–6 waterworks, while a Class 6 operator may only operate Class 6 waterworks. Higher classes cover more complex treatment systems.
3How is one year of waterworks operator experience defined in Virginia?
A.100 days or 800 hours
B.150 days or 1,200 hours
C.220 days or 1,760 hours
D.365 days or 2,920 hours
Explanation: Virginia defines one year of experience as a minimum of 220 days or 1,760 hours of actual work at a public water supply system. The amount of experience needed depends on educational background and specialized training.
4What is the renewal cycle for Virginia wastewater operator certification?
A.Annually
B.Every 2 years
C.Every 3 years
D.Every 5 years
Explanation: Virginia wastewater operator certifications are renewed every 2 years. Class 1, 2, and 3 operators need 18 CPE hours per cycle, with Class 1 and 2 requiring 4 of those hours in utility management topics. Class 4 operators need 16 CPE hours.
5What type of waterworks can a Virginia Class 6 operator operate?
A.Any waterworks in the state
B.Only the most complex treatment facilities
C.Waterworks serving fewer than 400 persons with no treatment or basic hypochlorination
D.Only industrial water systems
Explanation: A Virginia Class 6 waterworks licensee may operate waterworks serving fewer than 400 persons that provide no treatment or employ basic processes like hypochlorination for disinfection or corrosion control with calcite or magnesium oxide contactors.
6How are Virginia operator licensing exams administered?
A.Paper-based exams held twice yearly
B.Computerized exams proctored by PSI available throughout the year
C.Take-home open-book exams
D.Oral examinations only
Explanation: Virginia DPOR contracted with PSI to proctor operator exams in a computerized format. Exams can be scheduled throughout the year at various PSI testing center locations across the state.
7How many CPE hours in management are required for Virginia Class I and II wastewater operators per renewal cycle?
A.0 hours
B.3 hours
C.4 hours
D.10 hours
Explanation: Virginia requires Class 1 and 2 wastewater operators to complete 4 CPE hours in utility management topics out of their total 18 CPE hours each 2-year renewal cycle. This ensures senior operators maintain management competencies.
8What is the primary purpose of coagulation in water treatment?
A.To kill bacteria
B.To destabilize and aggregate suspended particles for removal
C.To remove dissolved gases
D.To adjust pH to neutral
Explanation: Coagulation uses chemicals (alum, ferric chloride) to neutralize particle charges, allowing them to clump together. This is the first step in the conventional treatment process for turbidity removal.
9What does the CT value represent in disinfection?
A.Cost of treatment per gallon
B.Product of disinfectant concentration (mg/L) and contact time (minutes)
C.Chemical treatment formula for pH
D.Chlorine total at the tap
Explanation: CT = Concentration × Time. Regulatory agencies require minimum CT values to ensure adequate inactivation of pathogens like Giardia and viruses. Higher CT provides greater disinfection.
10What is breakpoint chlorination?
A.The point where equipment fails
B.Adding enough chlorine to oxidize all ammonia and produce a free chlorine residual
C.The maximum permitted chlorine level
D.The point where chlorine forms ice
Explanation: Breakpoint chlorination adds sufficient chlorine to satisfy demand, react with ammonia (forming chloramines then nitrogen gas), until a free chlorine residual appears. Beyond the breakpoint, each additional unit of chlorine directly increases free residual.

About the VA Water/Wastewater Operator Exam

Virginia licenses waterworks operators in Classes 1 through 6 and wastewater works operators in Classes 1 through 4, with Class 1 the highest in both. Exams are the WPI/ABC standardized tests delivered by PSI at test centers and by live remote proctoring. Effective January 16, 2026, renewal requires 18 CPE contact hours for Classes 1-3, 16 for Class 4, 6 for Class 5, and 4 for Class 6.

Exam sponsor: Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Questions

100 questions

Time Limit

4 hours (Classes 1-4); 2 hours (Classes 5 and 6)

Passing Score

Not published; PSI issues a diagnostic score report

Exam / Certification Fees

$100 DPOR application fee plus $128 PSI fee (Classes 1-4) or $91 (Classes 5-6)

Exam sponsor website

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

20%

Virginia Licensing & Regulations

DPOR WWWOOSSP licensing under 18VAC160-30, waterworks Classes 1-6 and wastewater works Classes 1-4, facility classification and operator attendance, February renewal dates, and 2026 CPE requirements

20%

Drinking Water Treatment

Source water, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and backwash, membranes, disinfection and CT, disinfection byproducts, and corrosion control

20%

Wastewater Treatment

Preliminary and primary treatment, activated sludge process control, clarification, nutrient removal, disinfection, digestion, and biosolids management

20%

Equipment, Distribution & Collection

Pumps and hydraulics, motors and drives, SCADA, storage and valves, cross-connection control, collection system maintenance, and preventive maintenance programs

20%

Laboratory, Safety & Applied Math

Sampling and analysis, QA/QC, instrument calibration, confined space and chemical safety, regulatory reporting, and dosage, loading, and process control calculations

Preparing for the VA Water/Wastewater Operator Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Not published; PSI issues a diagnostic score report
  • Exam length: 100 questions
  • Time limit: 4 hours (Classes 1-4); 2 hours (Classes 5 and 6)
  • Exam / certification fees: $100 DPOR application fee plus $128 PSI fee (Classes 1-4) or $91 (Classes 5-6) Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 202 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

VA Water/Wastewater Operator: Suggested Study Strategy

1Learn the two class ranges cold: waterworks Classes 1-6 and wastewater works Classes 1-4, with Class 1 the highest in both categories
2Separate license class from facility class: VDH classifies waterworks in Arabic numerals under 12VAC5-590-461, while DEQ classifies wastewater treatment works in Roman numerals under Table 1 of 9VAC25-790-290
3Memorize Table 1 of 18VAC160-30-110: three months for Class 6 or 5, six months for Class 4, one year for Class 3, two years for Class 2, and three years plus a Class 2 license for Class 1 with a high school diploma
4Know the 2026 CPE table (18/16/6/4 contact hours), the 25 percent safety cap, and the 4-hour utility management minimum for Classes 1 and 2
5Study from the WPI/ABC Need-to-Know Criteria for your class, and practice calculations with the ABC formula sheet in front of you since it is provided at check-in

Frequently Asked Questions

How many waterworks operator classes does Virginia have?

Virginia issues Waterworks Operator licenses in Classes 1 through 6, with Class 1 the highest. A Class 1 licensee may operate waterworks of any class, while a Class 6 licensee may operate only Class 6 waterworks, which serve fewer than 400 persons with no treatment or with simple hypochlorination, calcite or magnesium oxide corrosion control, or solution-feed sequestration.

Does Virginia issue Class 5 and Class 6 wastewater operator licenses?

No. Table 1 of 18VAC160-30-110 marks Class 5 and Class 6 as waterworks operator only. Wastewater works operator licenses are issued in Classes 1 through 4, and Class 1 is the highest.

How are Virginia water and wastewater operator exams administered?

PSI Services delivers the WPI/ABC standardized examinations at test centers and by live remote online proctoring. Candidates must first obtain Board pre-approval from DPOR, after which they schedule directly with PSI and have a 24-month window to pass.

What are the CPE requirements for Virginia operator license renewal in 2026?

Under 18VAC160-30-190 effective January 16, 2026, each renewal cycle requires 18 contact hours for Classes 1, 2, and 3; 16 hours for Class 4; 6 hours for Class 5; and 4 hours for Class 6. Safety subjects may not exceed 25 percent of the total, and Class 1 and Class 2 operators must include at least 4 hours of utility management.

How does Virginia define one year of operational experience?

Under 18VAC160-30-100, a year of full-time employment means at least 1,760 hours or at least 220 workdays in a 12-month period. More than that in a single 12-month period is still credited as only one year, and partial credit is available for less than full-time work.