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Key Facts: TS-C Exam

~79%

First-Time Pass Rate

NCCT 2025 report

Scaled 70

Passing Score

NCCT

175

Total Items

150 scored + 25 pretest

4 hours

Exam Time

NCCT

$199

Exam Fee

NCCT

$62,830

Median Salary

BLS May 2024

The NCCT TS-C (Tech in Surgery, Certified) exam contains 175 items (150 scored + 25 unscored) over 4 hours and requires a scaled score of 70 to pass. NCCT's 2025 report lists first-time pass rates of 77.4% (education route) and 91.7% (experience route) — approximately 79% overall across 2,930 first-time candidates. The $199 exam follows the Detailed Test Plan effective January 2024: perioperative care (41 scored items), preoperative care (48), intraoperative care (37), and end-of-procedure/postoperative care (24). Surgical technologists earned a median wage of $62,830 in May 2024 (BLS), with 5% projected growth from 2024 to 2034.

Sample TS-C Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the TS-C exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 126+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1According to Spaulding classification, which category requires sterilization because the item enters sterile tissue or the vascular system?
A.Non-critical
B.Semi-critical
C.Critical
D.Environmental
Explanation: Spaulding classifies items by infection risk. Critical items (surgical instruments, implants, needles, scalpels) penetrate sterile tissue or the vascular system and must be sterilized — typically by steam, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, or peracetic acid.
2The standard cycle parameters for gravity-displacement steam sterilization of unwrapped non-porous instruments (immediate-use steam sterilization, IUSS) are:
A.121°C (250°F) for 15 minutes
B.132°C (270°F) for 3 minutes
C.160°C (320°F) for 60 minutes
D.55°C (131°F) for 8 hours
Explanation: AAMI ST79 specifies 132°C (270°F) for 3 minutes for unwrapped non-porous metal instruments using IUSS in a gravity-displacement sterilizer. IUSS is reserved for emergencies — never as a routine substitute for terminal sterilization.
3Which sterilization method is most appropriate for moisture- and heat-sensitive items such as flexible endoscopes and electronics?
A.Gravity-displacement steam
B.Dry heat
C.Ethylene oxide (ETO)
D.Pre-vacuum steam at 132°C
Explanation: Ethylene oxide is a low-temperature gas sterilant compatible with moisture- and heat-sensitive devices. It penetrates lumens and complex packaging but requires long aeration to remove residuals. Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma and ozone are alternative low-temperature methods.
4A biological indicator (BI) used to verify steam sterilization contains spores of:
A.Bacillus atrophaeus
B.Geobacillus stearothermophilus
C.Clostridium difficile
D.Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Explanation: Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores are the standard BI for steam and hydrogen peroxide. They are highly heat-resistant, so killing them confirms the sterilizer reached lethal conditions. Bacillus atrophaeus is used for ETO and dry heat.
5Bowie-Dick testing is performed in pre-vacuum steam sterilizers primarily to verify:
A.Spore kill at the end of the cycle
B.Adequate air removal from the chamber
C.Ethylene oxide concentration
D.Temperature inside packs after cooling
Explanation: The Bowie-Dick test is a daily air-removal/steam-penetration test for pre-vacuum sterilizers. Residual air prevents steam contact with all surfaces; a uniform color change on the test sheet confirms adequate vacuum.
6When transporting contaminated instruments from the OR to the decontamination area, the AAMI/AORN-recommended practice is to:
A.Place them on an open tray for rapid access
B.Pre-soak in hot water above 60°C
C.Keep them moist (e.g., enzymatic spray) in a closed, leak-proof, biohazard-labeled container
D.Wipe with alcohol and bag in clear plastic
Explanation: Contaminated instruments must be transported in a closed, leak-proof, puncture-resistant, biohazard-labeled container and kept moist with an enzymatic foam or spray to prevent bioburden from drying. Dried blood is much harder to remove and can compromise sterilization.
7Instruments arriving in the decontamination area should first undergo which step before mechanical washing?
A.Sterilization
B.Lubrication
C.Manual cleaning and inspection of lumens/box locks
D.Wrapping for the autoclave
Explanation: Cleaning always precedes disinfection or sterilization. Manual cleaning under the water surface (to prevent aerosols) of lumens, box locks, serrations, and ratchets removes bioburden that mechanical washers may not reach.
8An enzymatic detergent used for instrument cleaning works primarily by:
A.Killing spores within 30 seconds
B.Breaking down proteinaceous bioburden through proteolytic action
C.Sterilizing lumens via oxidation
D.Coating instruments with a corrosion barrier
Explanation: Enzymatic detergents contain proteases (and often lipases/amylases) that hydrolyze blood, tissue, and other organic soils. They are designed for cleaning, not disinfection or sterilization, and require proper dilution and contact time per the manufacturer's IFU.
9When assembling a tray for sterilization, instruments with box locks (e.g., hemostats) should be:
A.Tightly closed to protect the tip
B.Open or on the first ratchet so steam can contact all surfaces
C.Wrapped individually in foil
D.Submerged in saline
Explanation: Hinged instruments must be open (or on the first ratchet) during sterilization. Closed jaws trap air and bioburden in the box lock and prevent steam or sterilant from contacting all surfaces. AAMI ST79 explicitly requires this.
10The maximum recommended weight for a wrapped instrument set undergoing steam sterilization (per AAMI ST79) is:
A.10 lb (4.5 kg)
B.17 lb (7.7 kg)
C.25 lb (11.3 kg)
D.40 lb (18.1 kg)
Explanation: AAMI ST79 recommends instrument sets not exceed 25 lb (11.3 kg) to allow adequate steam penetration, drying, and to reduce ergonomic injury. Heavier sets risk wet packs and sterility failure.

About the TS-C Exam

NCCT certification for surgical technologists who set up the sterile field, pass instruments, and assist surgeons during operative procedures. The TS-C is an alternative to the NBSTSA CST credential and is accepted by employers nationwide.

Exam sponsor: NCCT (National Center for Competency Testing). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Questions

175 questions

Time Limit

4 hours

Passing Score

Scaled 70

Exam / Certification Fees

$199

Exam sponsor website

Reported exam pass rate: approximately 79% (first-time, 2025). NCCT 2025 report, first-time candidates by route: education 77.4% (n=2,601), experience 91.7% (n=312), military 100% (n=1), high school 50.0% (n=16) This describes exam candidates, not OpenExamPrep users or results from using our resources. Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

41 items (~27%)

Perioperative Care and Preparation

Basic science, integrity and sterility of items (sterilization, indicators, bioburden), environmental safety, communication and reporting

48 items (32%)

Preoperative Care and Preparation

Surgical procedure set-up, patient safety (transfer, positioning, Time Out), sterile technique (scrub, gowning/gloving, prepping, draping)

37 items (~25%)

Intraoperative Care and Preparation

Preparation of supplies (sutures, needles, implants, staplers) and surgeon support (instruments, counts, energy devices, wound-class technique, specimens)

24 items (16%)

End of Procedure Tasks and Postoperative Care

Dressings and post-surgical devices, procedure verification, back-table sterility, instrument prep for decontamination, room turnover, end-of-day cleaning

Preparing for the TS-C Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Scaled 70
  • Exam length: 175 questions
  • Time limit: 4 hours
  • Exam / certification fees: $199 Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 126 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

TS-C: Suggested Study Strategy

1Memorize the AORN sponge, sharp, and instrument count standards — counts and discrepancies appear repeatedly on the exam
2Master Spaulding classification (critical, semi-critical, non-critical) and pair each with the correct sterilization or disinfection level
3Drill instrument identification with photos — clamps (Kelly, Crile, Kocher, Allis), scissors (Mayo, Metzenbaum), retractors (Deaver, Richardson, Weitlaner), and needle holders
4Know the OR fire triangle (oxidizer, ignition, fuel) and electrosurgery safety rules — these are high-yield perioperative safety items
5Follow the official Detailed Test Plan weights — Preoperative Care (48 items) and Perioperative Care (41 items) together deliver 89 of 150 scored items — then drill Surgeon Support skills (26 items)
6Use our AI tutor on every question you miss — surgical content is detail-heavy and explanations cement memory better than re-reading

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the NCCT TS-C exam pass rate?

NCCT's 2025 pass rate report lists TS-C first-time pass rates by eligibility route: education 77.4% (2,601 tests), experience 91.7% (312 tests), military 100% (1 test), and high school 50.0% (16 tests) — approximately 79% overall across 2,930 first-time candidates. A scaled score of 70 on NCCT's 0-100 scale (not a percentage) is required to pass. Most candidates pass on their first attempt with 60-100 hours of focused preparation.

How is the TS-C different from the CST exam?

Both certify surgical technologists, but they are issued by different bodies. The CST is offered by NBSTSA (a separate organization tied to AST), while the TS-C is offered by NCCT. The TS-C accepts more eligibility pathways — including military training, current high school career-tech students, and 3+ years of work experience — whereas the CST primarily accepts CAAHEP/ABHES program graduates. Both credentials are accepted by most U.S. hospitals.

How many questions are on the NCCT TS-C exam?

The TS-C exam contains 175 items total: 150 scored questions plus 25 unscored pretest questions. Approximately 92% are standard 4-option multiple-choice items, and 8% are alternative-format items such as drag-and-drop, multi-select, and hotspot. You have 4 hours to complete the exam.

What does the TS-C exam cost in 2026?

The NCCT TS-C exam fee is $199. This includes one attempt at the exam. NCCT also offers practice exams and Practice Exam PLUS bundles separately. Candidates who do not pass must wait 30 days before retaking and pay the full fee for each attempt.

How long should I study for the NCCT TS-C exam?

Plan for 60-100 hours of study over 8-12 weeks, following the official Detailed Test Plan (effective January 2024): Preoperative Care and Preparation is the largest domain (48 of 150 scored items, 32%), and the single largest task area is Surgeon Support within Intraoperative Care (26 items). Drill case setup and sterile technique, instrument identification, surgical counts, sterilization monitoring, positioning safety, and medication labeling. Aim for 80%+ on full-length practice exams before scheduling.

Who is eligible to take the NCCT TS-C exam?

NCCT offers several eligibility routes: 1) current postsecondary student enrolled in an approved surgical technology program, 2) graduate of an NCCT-approved or CAAHEP/ABHES-recognized program, 3) experience route — at least 3 years of full-time surgical tech employment within the past 5 years, 4) military route — completion of U.S. Armed Forces surgical technology training, 5) high school career-technical program route, and 6) an instructor route for current surgical technology educators. Education routes require documented surgical case experience (minimum 125 cases, at least 90 as first scrub).

What is the job outlook for surgical technologists?

BLS projects employment of surgical technologists to grow 5% from 2024-2034, faster than the average for all occupations. The May 2024 median annual wage was $62,830. Demand is driven by an aging population, increasing surgical volumes (especially outpatient ambulatory surgery centers), and expanding minimally invasive and robotic surgery programs.