FREE CPAN Exam Guide 2026: Pass ABPANC Post-Anesthesia Cert

ABPANC CPAN Exam Guide 2026: Phase I PACU Certification Blueprint

The Certified Post-Anesthesia Nurse (CPAN) credential, awarded by the American Board of Perianesthesia Nursing Certification (ABPANC), validates specialized competence in the care of patients recovering from anesthesia and sedation in Phase I PACU environments. If you work in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) managing immediate emergence, hemodynamic instability, airway reflexes returning, and the subtle cardiopulmonary signals that differentiate a smooth recovery from an escalating crisis, CPAN is the certification designed for your practice.

CPAN is not a general perioperative credential. It is the Phase I certification specifically, focused on the high-acuity, physiologically unstable post-anesthesia patient. Its sister credential, CAPA (Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse), covers Preanesthesia, Day of Surgery/Procedure, Postanesthesia Phase II, and Extended Care. Understanding this distinction is the single most important concept for exam preparation, career planning, and interpreting the blueprint correctly.

This FREE 2026 guide walks through the full exam structure, content domains with percentages, eligibility requirements, fee schedule, the CPAN vs CAPA decision, an 8-to-12-week study plan, recertification pathways, the dual-certification pipeline, and how CPAN compares to CCRN and CEN for critical-care nurses evaluating their next credential.

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What Is the CPAN Certification?

CPAN stands for Certified Post-Anesthesia Nurse. The credential is administered by ABPANC (the American Board of Perianesthesia Nursing Certification), an independent certification body that works closely with ASPAN (the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses) to align certification with the ASPAN Standards of Perianesthesia Nursing Practice.

The credential signals to employers, patients, and anesthesia teams that the holder has demonstrated specialized knowledge of the physiologic, pharmacologic, and professional caring competencies required in Phase I recovery.

CPAN Exam Format and Structure 2026

The 2026 CPAN exam is a computer-based assessment delivered through ABPANC's approved testing network. Understanding the structure up front lets you budget time and plan your practice blocks accurately.

The 45 pretest items are unscored and used to validate future questions; they are distributed throughout the exam and are indistinguishable from scored items. You cannot identify them, so treat every question as scored.

Pacing Target

With 140 scored questions and 45 pretest items in 180 minutes, your working pace is roughly 58 seconds per question, leaving a small buffer for flagged-item review. Nurses who fail often did not fail on content—they failed on pacing. Timed practice blocks from week 2 onward are non-negotiable.

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CPAN Content Domains and Weighting 2026

The current ABPANC CPAN blueprint (in force 2023–2027, based on the 2020–2021 Role Delineation Study) organizes the scored content into five domains. The CPAN and CAPA exams share the same five domains but weight them differently; the weights below are the CPAN weights.

Patient Populations Tested

CPAN items are written across the lifespan. Expect representation of:

• Adult surgical patients (majority of items) – general, regional, MAC anesthesia
• Geriatric patients – altered pharmacokinetics, delirium risk, fall prevention
• Pediatric patients – emergence delirium, weight-based dosing, parent presence
• Obstetric patients – post-cesarean, post-regional considerations
• Bariatric patients – airway/oxygenation risk, OSA screening
• Ambulatory surgical patients transitioning to Phase II readiness

Physiologic Systems Tested

The nursing process is applied across all major systems, with heavier emphasis on cardiopulmonary content given the Phase I focus:

1. Cardiovascular – hemodynamic instability, dysrhythmias, post-cardiac recovery
2. Respiratory – airway obstruction, hypoventilation, laryngospasm, residual paralysis
3. Neurological – emergence delirium, stroke risk, regional block assessment, consciousness
4. Endocrine/Metabolic – glucose management, thyroid, adrenal, MH risk
5. Gastrointestinal – PONV, ileus risk, aspiration prevention
6. Renal/Fluid/Electrolyte – fluid balance, urinary retention, electrolyte shifts
7. Integumentary – pressure injury prevention, surgical site, temperature regulation
8. Musculoskeletal – positioning injury, compartment syndrome, regional anesthesia effects
9. Psychosocial – anxiety, family communication, cultural/spiritual considerations
10. Hematologic/Immune – bleeding risk, transfusion reactions, allergy management

High-Yield Clinical Content Deep Dive

Within each scored domain, certain clinical topics drive a disproportionate share of CPAN items. The table below consolidates the content that consistently appears on the blueprint and that examiners use to differentiate competent Phase I nurses from those still building experience.

Candidates who map these clusters onto a single-page reference sheet in week 2 and drill them in timed blocks from week 4 consistently finish the exam with time to spare. Content volume is large but the high-yield core is finite and repeatable.

Cognitive Levels Assessed

ABPANC writes CPAN items across a condensed version of Bloom's Taxonomy with three cognitive levels. Understanding this helps you study at the right depth:

• Level I — Knowledge and Comprehension – recall a fact or understand a principle (definitions, drug classes, normal ranges, ASPAN terminology). Useful but not where you pass or fail.
• Level II — Application and Analysis – relate two or more facts to a situation or analyze a group of facts (picking the correct intervention for a given clinical picture, applying discharge criteria, mapping assessment findings). This is the middle of the exam.
• Level III — Synthesis and Evaluation – synthesize information and evaluate situations to choose a correct course of action in complex, multi-variable scenarios. This is what separates a pass from a near-miss.

Study time should mirror this distribution. Spend the majority of your practice in Level II/III scenario drills, not flashcards.

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CPAN vs CAPA: Phase I vs Phase II and Ambulatory

This is the distinction that trips up otherwise-qualified candidates. Picking the wrong exam wastes the application fee and study time.

How to Decide Between CPAN and CAPA

Use this simple test: Where do the majority of your current clinical hours occur?

• If most of your hours are spent in Phase I (immediate recovery from general/regional anesthesia, monitoring emergence, managing airway and hemodynamic transitions) → choose CPAN.
• If most of your hours are in Phase II or preoperative/ambulatory settings (patients stable, focus on discharge teaching, IV removal, ambulation, PONV monitoring, same-day-surgery flow) → choose CAPA.
• If your hours split roughly evenly, many nurses pursue both credentials sequentially (see the dual-certification pathway below).

ASPAN Phases Defined

The ASPAN Standards of PeriAnesthesia Nursing Practice define distinct levels of care:

• Preanesthesia Phase – assessment, preparation, patient education before anesthesia.
• Phase I – post-anesthesia recovery focused on return of protective reflexes, stable vitals, and safe emergence. This is the CPAN domain.
• Phase II – recovery focused on preparation for discharge to home or extended observation. This is CAPA territory.
• Extended Observation / Phase III – continued observation for patients not ready for home but not requiring Phase I acuity.

CPAN items are written against the Phase I scope. CAPA items are written against Phase II, preanesthesia, and extended observation. Knowing which phase a question is testing is a powerful orientation tool on exam day.

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CPAN Eligibility Requirements 2026

ABPANC requires the following for 2026 CPAN candidacy:

What Counts Toward the 1,200 Hours

Eligible hours include direct perianesthesia clinical nursing care in Phase I. ABPANC defines "direct experience" as "having bedside interaction with the patient and/or family in some capacity and participating actively in the individual patient experience." Activities that count include:

• Direct bedside PACU patient care (Phase I)
• Charge-nurse shifts in a PACU
• Preceptor hours supervising PACU RNs at the bedside
• Perianesthesia educator hours that include direct clinical involvement
• Manager/administrator hours only to the extent they include direct clinical practice

What Does Not Count

• Pure administrative time without direct clinical involvement
• Unrelated ICU, ED, or med-surg hours (unless the role is explicitly perianesthesia)
• Volunteer hours outside a recognized perianesthesia setting
• Student clinical hours during RN education

Applicants self-attest and ABPANC may audit supporting documentation. The Learning Builder application system asks candidates to list at least two verifiers who can attest to clinical eligibility and RN licensure; verifiers are not contacted during the application or testing process but may be contacted during audit. Keep a hours log with dates, units, roles, and manager verification contacts.

Building the 1,200 Hours Strategically

If you are new to PACU or returning from another specialty, mapping the 1,200-hour runway is worth doing explicitly:

• Full-time (~36 hours/week clinical) reaches 1,200 hours in approximately 34 weeks, or about 8 months.
• Part-time (~24 hours/week clinical) reaches the threshold in roughly 50 weeks, or about one year.
• Per-diem irregular schedules benefit from a simple hour tracker; the 2-year look-back window is unforgiving.

Nurses cross-training from ICU or ED should negotiate a structured PACU orientation with documented direct-care hours. Hours spent in anesthesia technology support, preoperative triage without direct recovery care, or unrelated float assignments do not count toward CPAN eligibility. When in doubt, document the role in writing and verify eligibility with ABPANC before banking on the hours.

Documentation Tips

• Request a letter from your PACU manager confirming unit assignment, hire date, and average hours per pay period if you anticipate an audit.
• If you switched units mid-cycle, capture the transition date and the role each side of the transition.
• Internationally trained nurses working outside the U.S. may apply through ABPANC's International CPAN pathway, which uses QualificationCheck (QC) or TruMerit (formerly CGFNS) for credential verification and charges a $350 international exam registration fee; confirm current requirements on the ABPANC site.

CPAN Exam Fees 2026

ASPAN Membership Math

The $74 differential between the ASPAN member ($350) and non-member ($424) exam fee partially offsets ASPAN annual membership dues ($100–$140). When you add access to the ASPAN Core Curriculum, practice standards, educational webinars, the Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, and a national community of perianesthesia nurses, most candidates find joining ASPAN before registering is net positive. Your ASPAN membership must be current at the time of application for the member rate to apply; Learning Builder verifies membership automatically.

Run the math each year, but the member route is usually the dominant strategy unless your employer reimburses the exam fee regardless of membership status.

Employer Reimbursement

A large share of hospitals reimburse certification exam fees, study materials, or both. Typical structures include:

• Full reimbursement on pass – employer pays the exam fee after you submit a passing score report.
• Full reimbursement on attempt – employer pays regardless of outcome (less common, typically only after employment milestones).
• Education stipend – an annual pool of tuition/certification dollars that can be applied to CPAN fees, ASPAN membership, and study materials.
• Certification bonus – a one-time payment on passing, separate from exam-fee reimbursement.

Before registering, pull your clinical-ladder documents or contact HR. Reimbursement is often conditional on staying employed for a defined period after passing (commonly 12 months), so read the clawback clause carefully if you anticipate a job change.

Additional Testing Costs

Plan for ancillary costs beyond the registration fee:

Budgeting the full pathway up front avoids mid-cycle surprises, and employer reimbursement often covers most or all of it.

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8-to-12-Week CPAN Study Plan

This plan assumes a working PACU nurse with limited daily study time (45–90 minutes on weekdays, longer weekend blocks). Scale up or down based on baseline performance.

Weekly Execution Rules

• Two timed mixed blocks per week starting in week 4.
• Error log with three columns: knowledge gap, interpretation error, prioritization error.
• Re-test missed items within 72 hours to lock in correction.
• One full-length simulation in week 9 and week 11 under exam conditions.
• Protect sleep in the final 7 days – cognitive fatigue destroys pacing.

Condensed 8-Week Variant

If you have recent ASPAN Core Curriculum exposure and strong PACU clinical hours, compress weeks 2–3 and weeks 7–8 into single weeks. Keep the full-length simulations and taper intact regardless of plan length.

Daily Micro-Structure (Weekdays)

A working PACU nurse cannot realistically study four hours on a clinical day. The daily micro-structure that works in practice:

1. 10 minutes – Warm-up review. Open the error log, re-read two or three recent misses, and quiz yourself verbally on the correction.
2. 25–40 minutes – Targeted content block. Read one Core Curriculum section or complete a focused topic set (e.g., reversal agents, PONV ladder, pediatric emergence).
3. 20–30 minutes – Timed mixed questions. A 20–30 item timed block simulating exam pacing, reviewed immediately with full rationale.
4. 5–10 minutes – Error logging and spaced review. Categorize each miss (knowledge, interpretation, prioritization) and schedule re-test within 72 hours.

Weekend blocks of 2–3 hours are reserved for full-length simulations (weeks 9 and 11) and for catching up on content you could not cover during clinical weeks.

How to Use the Error Log

The error log is the single highest-leverage study tool in this plan. A functional log captures:

• Question stem summary (one line).
• Your answer and the correct answer.
• Miss category – knowledge gap (didn't know content), interpretation error (misread the stem or data), prioritization error (knew content but picked wrong best-next action).
• Correction note – the specific content or logic you will apply next time.
• Re-test date – scheduled within 72 hours.

Nurses who maintain a structured log and actually re-test see weekly performance lifts. Nurses who read rationale but never revisit the miss repeat the same error on exam day.

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Recommended Study Resources

Primary Texts

1. ASPAN's Perianesthesia Nursing Core Curriculum – the authoritative text aligned with the CPAN blueprint. Read it cover to cover at least once and re-read high-yield chapters (airway, emergence, pharmacology, ethics) twice.
2. PeriAnesthesia Nursing: A Critical Care Approach (Drain / Odom-Forren, current edition) – deeper clinical reasoning and physiology context, especially strong on cardiopulmonary recovery and complex cases.
3. ABPANC CPAN Content Outline and Candidate Handbook – download directly from ABPANC. Print the blueprint. Tape it to your study area. Map every practice question to a blueprint domain.

Practice and Review

• FREE CPAN practice questions at OpenExamPrep – domain-weighted items with ASPAN-aligned rationale.
• ABPANC self-assessment exam – optional official practice; buy only if you can afford it after exhausting free resources.
• ASPAN Standards of PeriAnesthesia Nursing Practice – the professional caring domain leans heavily on these standards. Read the current edition at least once.

Supplementary

• Miller's Anesthesia or an equivalent reference for deeper pharmacology (optional, reference only).
• ASPAN position statements and practice recommendations (fast-tracking, pain management, PONV, OSA screening).
• Peer-reviewed articles in the Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing for current-practice grounding.

Common CPAN Preparation Pitfalls

Test-Day Strategies for CPAN

1. Apply the Phase I Lens First

Every question stem is a Phase I scenario unless explicitly stated otherwise. When you read a clinical vignette, ask: What is the emergence or immediate-recovery issue here? That reframes options toward the right answer.

2. Prioritize Airway and Oxygenation

When multiple interventions appear plausible, airway and oxygenation almost always come first in Phase I. ABC sequencing is foundational.

3. Read for the Trend

Post-anesthesia patients are dynamic. A single vital sign is less meaningful than the trajectory. If the stem includes serial data, use it.

4. Use Elimination by Safety

Eliminate options that introduce avoidable delay, bypass assessment, or skip escalation. Safety-first answers score reliably in perianesthesia contexts.

5. Pace with Checkpoints

At 60 minutes, you should be at ~62 questions. At 120 minutes, ~124. Build a visible mental checkpoint so the last hour is not a sprint.

6. Flag and Move

If a question takes more than 90 seconds, flag it and move on. Come back at the end with fresh attention. Points lost to a single difficult question can compound into five missed items if you stall.

7. Trust the Professional Caring Domain

Advocacy, informed consent, cultural safety, and collaboration answers are often "correct" even when a clinical option looks tempting. ABPANC is signaling that perianesthesia nursing is a holistic practice, not only physiology.

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Career Outlook and Salary for PACU Nurses 2026

CPAN certification strengthens positioning for charge nurse, preceptor, clinical educator, and nurse manager roles within PACU and perioperative services. Many larger hospital systems embed CPAN (and CAPA) into clinical-ladder advancement criteria, producing direct compensation impact.

Career Leverage After CPAN

1. Update your employer's credentialing record immediately—differentials and recognition programs often require proactive documentation.
2. Add CPAN to your nursing license signature block, LinkedIn, and resume.
3. Volunteer for PACU preceptor or orientation programs; certification pairs with teaching roles.
4. Consider CAPA as a second credential within 1–2 years if your department handles Phase II or ambulatory flows.
5. Target growth pathways: PACU charge, perioperative clinical educator, anesthesia technology lead, nurse manager of PACU/ambulatory surgery.

Regional Salary Variation

PACU RN compensation varies meaningfully by metro area. Representative ranges based on 2026 market surveys include:

Shift differentials (evening, night, weekend, call-back for anesthesia coverage) commonly add $3–$12/hour and are a meaningful share of PACU compensation. Hospitals that run 24/7 PACU coverage pay more in differentials than those staffing only business-hour cases.

Non-Traditional PACU Career Paths

CPAN holders are well-positioned for several specialized and non-traditional paths:

• Ambulatory surgery center leadership – CPAN + CAPA is often preferred for ASC charge and clinical manager roles.
• Office-based anesthesia recovery – dental, plastics, GI endoscopy centers value perianesthesia expertise.
• Travel PACU nursing – premium contract rates, 13-week assignments in under-staffed PACUs; CPAN is a frequent requirement.
• Clinical education and simulation – staff-development and simulation-center roles leverage perianesthesia expertise.
• Nurse anesthesia (CRNA) pathway – while CPAN does not replace the 1-year adult critical-care requirement for CRNA school, it strengthens applications and is natural preparation for anesthesia-adjacent thinking.
• Legal-nurse consulting – PACU nurses with CPAN are often retained as subject-matter experts in anesthesia and recovery case review.

CPAN Recertification

CPAN is valid for 3 years. Recertification requires the current RN license, 900 perianesthesia practice hours during the cycle, and either continuing education credits or (temporarily) retesting.

CE Category Distribution

ABPANC allocates the 70 CE hours across content categories aligned to the blueprint (Anesthesia, Physiology, Perianesthesia Monitoring and Intervention, Perianesthesia Care Considerations, Professional Nursing Practice and Guidelines). Track your CE across categories from day one of your cycle—scrambling at year three usually means buying CE you would not have chosen, and paying retail.

Practical Recertification Tips

• Log CE in an ABPANC-aligned tracker monthly, not annually.
• Attend at least one ASPAN national or regional conference during each 3-year cycle for efficient bulk CE.
• Align CE choices with emerging PACU topics (ERAS protocols, OSA screening updates, opioid-sparing analgesia).
• Maintain active ASPAN membership through the cycle to keep member pricing.

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CPAN + CAPA Dual-Certification Pathway

Many perianesthesia nurses eventually pursue both CPAN and CAPA. The dual credential signals full-scope perianesthesia mastery (preoperative through Phase I through Phase II / ambulatory discharge) and is increasingly expected in leadership and educator roles.

Typical Dual-Cert Timeline

1. Year 1 – Pass CPAN (your primary clinical setting) after meeting the 1,200-hour requirement.
2. Year 1–2 – Gain documented clinical hours in Phase II, preoperative, or ambulatory settings (cross-train, float, or rotate).
3. Year 2–3 – Apply for CAPA once you can attest to 1,200 hours in the ambulatory/Phase II scope within the preceding 2 years. (If you can document both scopes in the same 2-year window, ABPANC allows sitting for both in the same testing window.)
4. Recert cycle – Dual-certified candidates recertify both credentials on their own cycles; verify current aggregate CE policy on ABPANC.

Strategic Considerations

• Pick your primary first. Study the credential matching the majority of your current hours. Failing the wrong exam is a morale and financial setback.
• Document cross-phase hours from day one. If you want CAPA later, log Phase II hours now so the 2-year window is not a problem.
• Consider Test Assured. The $50 Test Assured add-on guarantees one free retake within 12 months if your first attempt is unsuccessful, and can be purchased separately for CPAN and CAPA.

How CPAN Compares to CCRN and CEN

Critical-care nurses often weigh CPAN against CCRN or CEN. They serve different populations and employers value them differently.

Which to Pursue

• Work primarily in PACU? → CPAN.
• Work primarily in ICU? → CCRN.
• Work primarily in ED? → CEN.
• PACU + ICU float? → CPAN first (maps to primary role), CCRN optional if ICU hours justify.
• PACU with ambulatory surgery? → CPAN first, then CAPA.

Holding multiple credentials is common at the mid-career mark, but picking the one aligned to current practice first produces the cleanest signal and avoids wasted study time.

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Frequently Overlooked High-Yield Topics

These are the topics CPAN candidates consistently underprepare, and they reliably appear on the exam:

1. Residual neuromuscular blockade – Train-of-four interpretation, reversal agents (neostigmine + glycopyrrolate, sugammadex), signs of inadequate reversal.
2. Laryngospasm – Recognition, positive-pressure management, succinylcholine if severe.
3. Emergence delirium – Pediatric and geriatric presentations, differentiating from hypoxia or pain.
4. OSA screening and management – STOP-BANG familiarity, monitoring implications, extended observation criteria.
5. Malignant hyperthermia – Triggers, recognition cascade, dantrolene protocol, MHAUS hotline awareness.
6. PONV risk stratification – Apfel score, multimodal prophylaxis, rescue treatment ladders.
7. Regional anesthesia recovery – Block resolution assessment, local anesthetic systemic toxicity recognition.
8. Transfusion reactions – Febrile, allergic, TRALI, TACO, immediate hemolytic differentiation.
9. Temperature regulation – Active and passive warming, shivering thermoregulation vs pain.
10. ASPAN fast-tracking criteria – Which Phase I patients can bypass to Phase II and how to assess readiness.

Deep Dive: Airway Emergencies in Phase I

Airway events are the most common preventable PACU adverse event and a consistently high-yield CPAN topic. Expect at least several items across the exam.

• Upper airway obstruction – snoring respirations with retractions signal tongue or soft-tissue obstruction; first actions are jaw thrust, chin lift, supplemental O2, and consideration of oral or nasal airway. Persistent obstruction in a stirring patient may need positioning, stimulation, and reassessment of residual sedation.
• Laryngospasm – classic presentation is high-pitched stridor, desaturation, and absent or minimal air movement often shortly after extubation. Treat with positive-pressure ventilation using 100% O2 and PEEP, deepen anesthesia if provider available, and administer low-dose succinylcholine if lifesaving ventilation is not achievable.
• Bronchospasm – wheezing, prolonged expiration, rising peak pressures in ventilated patients. Bronchodilators, deeper anesthesia, and evaluating for aspiration or allergic trigger.
• Residual neuromuscular blockade – inability to sustain head lift for 5 seconds, weak grip, "fish-mouth" breathing, or TOF ratio below 0.9. Reverse with neostigmine + glycopyrrolate or sugammadex (rocuronium/vecuronium reversal) and support ventilation until strength returns.
• Negative pressure pulmonary edema – frothy pink secretions after a laryngospasm or obstruction event; treat with oxygen, CPAP/PEEP, diuresis, and continued close monitoring.

Deep Dive: Hemodynamic Instability in Phase I

Post-anesthesia hypotension is commonly multifactorial. CPAN items test your ability to pick the right intervention, not just any intervention.

• Hypovolemia (most common early PACU cause) – warm skin, tachycardia, orthostatic pattern, response to fluid bolus. First line is isotonic fluid challenge before vasopressors unless hypotension is profound.
• Vasodilation (residual anesthetic, regional block, sepsis) – warm, well-perfused, slow capillary refill rebound. Phenylephrine for pure alpha agonist support; norepinephrine if distributive shock suspected.
• Cardiogenic (rare but critical) – new dysrhythmia, ischemic ECG changes, history of CAD. ECG, troponin if appropriate, inotropic support, rapid anesthesiology and cardiology notification.
• Tension pneumothorax / tamponade (rare post-thoracic) – trending instability unresponsive to volume, unilateral breath sound change, JVD. Immediate escalation, decompression as appropriate.

Deep Dive: Pediatric Emergence Delirium

Pediatric PACU items are a reliable source of missed points for nurses who primarily work with adults.

• Presentation – thrashing, inconsolable crying, non-purposeful movement typically 10–30 minutes post-emergence after inhalational anesthesia (sevoflurane is a frequent trigger).
• Differential – exclude hypoxia, pain, full bladder, and hypoglycemia before attributing to emergence delirium.
• Management – decrease stimulation, parent presence where feasible, small-dose propofol, dexmedetomidine, or opioid per anesthesia protocol. Safety measures to prevent self-harm and IV dislodgement.

Deep Dive: Malignant Hyperthermia

MH is rare but a mandatory CPAN competency and a guaranteed question category.

• Triggers – volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane) and succinylcholine.
• Early signs – rising ETCO2 despite increased minute ventilation, tachycardia, masseter rigidity, generalized muscle rigidity. Fever is often a late sign.
• Immediate response – call MH emergency team, stop triggering agents, hyperventilate with 100% O2 at high flows, administer dantrolene 2.5 mg/kg IV rapidly with repeat doses as needed, cool the patient, treat hyperkalemia and acidosis, contact MHAUS hotline for guidance.
• Ongoing care – ICU transfer, continue dantrolene per protocol, monitor for recrudescence, counsel patient and family about genetic implications.

Official Sources

• ABPANC – Certification body; exam handbook, eligibility, fees, blueprint.
• ASPAN – Standards of PeriAnesthesia Nursing Practice, Core Curriculum, position statements.
• BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook – Registered Nurse salary, employment, projections.
• MHAUS – Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States, for MH protocol reference.

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